When writing with a quill pen or a tension pen, different line widths result exclusively from the direction of the line relative to the orientation of the nib on the writing material.However, they are also used in typesetting because of their aesthetic effect. Historically, these variations in line width are due to writing by hand with traditional writing implements, especially nibs. The line width can even vary within a shaft. In typography, the thinnest lines are referred to as a hairline and the thickest lines are referred to as a shadowline. ![]() The line width can vary between different shafts - even within the same glyph, for example with the four shafts of the letter W in an Antiqua font. Variation of the line width with a broad nib (left) and a swell spring (right) When adding the decorative strokes (as in the illustrated Blackletter -M), one deliberately avoids crossing the white gap between the two lines of the shaft with another line, which makes the two lines, including the gap, appear more clearly as a single object. Some of these strokes are vertical and double a shaft. The calligraphic capitals of some broken fonts, such as the Textura formata and the Rotunda, have decorative strokes. ![]() In cursive writing, decorative finishes are usually not used in order to increase writing speed. In the figure, this can be seen in the upper area of the lowercase letter r: In addition to the quadrangle, which sits directly on the shaft and is connected to it, the right-pointing flag of the r appears as a detached quadrant with four corners. The refraction of the writing becomes even clearer when all four corners of the quadrangle are visible. The shaft is "broken" at the transition to the thicker square tang. The quadrangle is usually connected to the base line in such a way that only three of the four corners are visible (see arrows in the illustration). Quadrangles are pointed diamonds or parallelograms at the top or bottom of the shaft. In broken scripts there are quadrangles (literally "squares") at the base of the shafts and shafts. Others are roughly spatula-shaped shaft approaches in the insular scripts or pointedly elongated ends, so-called spurs. Common decorative statements in Antiqua fonts are the serifs. at the bottom at t and at the top at u, also at the bottom at the numbers 1 and 4.ĭepending on the font, there may be decorative ends at the base of the shaft and feet. Quadrangles can be seen in the minuscules, e.g. The Old English capital letters (Blackletter) have many curves, doubled shafts and decorative finishes. Variations of the shafts Slope and roundness There are also a variety of special names for certain lines, often the language usage in calligraphy, which occurred in the last few centuries Fonts concentrated, and in typography, which focused on typesetting, developed separately. Rounded lines are called bellies, arches, curves, curved bars or shoulders, depending on their type and position. ![]() Unlike the stems straight horizontal lines are beams, cross beams, dashes or arms called a lying inside the character bar and indoor bar and the upper bar in the T and Z and top coat. The upper end of a shaft is called the shaft base and the lower end is called the shaft base. ![]() The term diagonal is also used for diagonal shafts. A vertical shaft is also called a stem, stand line, vertical line or base line.
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